New Plant and Fungi Species Named in 2025
Lastyearwasfullofscientificdiscoveries-fromdinosaurfootprints, toaglowinthedarksharkandtheplantworldwasnodifferent.
去年科學界湧現了許多發現——從恐龍足跡到會發光的鯊魚，植物界也不例外。
Kew GardensinLondonanditsinternationalpartnersnamed125newspeciesofplantand65fungiaroundtheworldin 2025, includingazombiefungusandaflowernamedafterastudioGhiblicharacter.
倫敦邱園及其國際合作夥伴為 2025 年全球 125 種新的植物和 65 種新的真菌命名，其中包括一種殭屍真菌和一種以吉卜力工作室角色命名的花卉。
Kew'sStateoftheWorld'sPlantsandFungireportsaidin 2023thatasmanyasthreeinfourundiscoveredplantsaroundtheworldarealreadythreatenedwithextinction.
英國皇家植物園邱園發布的《世界植物和真菌狀況報告》在 2023 年指出，全球多達四分之三的未被發現的植物已經面臨滅絕的威脅。
There'slotsofweirdandwonderfuldiscoveriesintheir2025list-herearefiveofthem.
他們的 2025 年計畫中有很多奇特而精彩的發現——以下是其中的五項。
Thefirstonthelistisaprettygrislyone-meetPurpureocilliumatlanticum, otherwiseknownaszombiefungus.
名單上的第一個相當可怕——那就是大西洋紫青黴（Purpureocillium atlanticum），又名殭屍真菌。
ItwasfoundintheAtlanticforestinBrazil, andisaparasite, asitsurvivesbyinfectingspidersandgrowingthroughtheircorpses-eew!
它發現於巴西的大西洋森林中，是一種寄生蟲，因為它通過感染蜘蛛並在蜘蛛屍體中生長而生存——呃！
Thegroupoffungiitbelongstoiscalledentomopathogenic, whichmeanstheycankillandinfectinsects.
它所屬的真菌類群被稱為昆蟲病原真菌，這意味著它們可以殺死和感染昆蟲。
AnewspeciesoforchidwasfoundintheAndeanforestsofEcuadorwhichhasbeencalledTelipogoncruentilabrum.
在厄瓜多爾安第斯山脈的森林中發現了一種新的蘭花物種，被命名為 Telipogon cruentilabrum。
Thereareabout250knownspeciesofTelipogon, andthey'reallfoundinSouthandCentralAmericaandtheCaribbean.
目前已知的 Telipogon 物種約有 250 種，它們都分佈在南美洲、中美洲和加勒比海地區。
Theycanonlybeidentifiedwhentheybloom, andthisonecanberecognisedbyitsredcentre, whichalmostlookslikeit'sgotbloodonit.
它們只有在開花時才能被識別出來，而這種花可以透過其紅色的中心來識別，看起來幾乎就像沾上了血一樣。
Itgrowsontreedaisiesbutunlikethefungusisnotaparasite, sodoesn'tfeedoffthemtolive.
它生長在樹雛菊上，但與真菌不同，它不是寄生蟲，所以不以樹雛菊為食。
However, it'salreadybeenclassedasendangered, asitshabitatisrapidlydeclining.
然而，由於其棲息地正在迅速減少，它已被列為瀕危物種。
Ifyou'veeverseenStudioGhibli'sfilmHowl'sMovingCastle, you'llknowallaboutthesassyfiredemonCalcifer.
如果你看過吉卜力工作室的電影《哈爾的移動城堡》，你就會知道那個傲嬌的火焰惡魔卡西法。
Well, lastyear, scientistsnamedthisplantafterhim.
去年，科學家以他的名字命名了這種植物。
Aphelandracalciferihasbrightred, orangeandyellowflowersthatlooklikeflames-butwhatismoreuncleariswhetherornotitcancookbaconandeggsaswellasthelittlefiredemon.
鈣質阿菲蘭德拉（Aphelandra calciferi）開著鮮紅色、橙色和黃色的花朵，看起來像火焰——但更不清楚的是，它是否能像小火魔一樣烹製培根和雞蛋。
CalciferiwasfoundinthetropicalrainforestsinthecentreofPeru.
鈣化菌（Calciferi）發現於秘魯中部的熱帶雨林。
Okay, soit'snotactuallystonethatcomestolife.
好吧，所以實際上並不是石頭活了過來。
Livingstoneplantsaregreatatcamouflageandcanblendinwithrockysurroundings.
活石花具有極佳的偽裝能力，能夠與周圍的岩石環境融為一體。
Lithopsgracilidelineataisthenewestofthese, andwasfoundinNamibia, acountrythatishometomanyotherlivingstones.
纖細線石（Lithops gracilidelineata）是其中最新的一種，發現於納米比亞，該國也是許多其他活石的故鄉。
Thisoneseemslikeatinyrockwhenyoufirstlookatit, butisactuallyatypeofplantcalledasucculent, meaningthey'reverygoodatstoringwater (like cactuses).
乍一看，它像是一塊小石頭，但實際上是一種稱為多肉植物的植物，這意味著它們非常擅長儲存水分（就像仙人掌一樣）。
Anewspeciesofpalmtreefoundin 2013hasnowbeenscientificallyrecognisedandgiventhenameAdonidiazibabaoa.
2013 年發現的一種新的棕櫚樹物種現已得到科學認可，並被命名為 Adonidia zibabaoa。
It'satypeofChristmaspalm, whicharetropicaltreeswithbrightredfruit.
它是一種聖誕棕櫚樹，聖誕棕櫚樹是熱帶樹木，結有鮮紅色的果實。
Ittookawhileforittobeofficiallyclassifiedasitwasnotimmediatelyobvioustoscientistswhatgenus (or group) itbelongedto.
它花了一段時間才被正式分類，因為科學家一開始並不清楚它屬於哪個屬（或群體）。
However, afterDNAsampleswerestudiedatKew, itwaseventuallyfoundtobelongtotheAdonidiagenus.
然而，在邱園對 DNA 樣本進行研究後，最終發現它屬於 Adonidia 屬。
Last year was full of scientific discoveries - from dinosaur footprints, to a glow in the dark shark and the plant world was no different.
Kew Gardens in London and its international partners named 125 new species of plant and 65 fungi around the world in 2025, including a zombie fungus and a flower named after a studio Ghibli character.
Kew's State of the World's Plants and Fungi report said in 2023 that as many as three in four undiscovered plants around the world are already threatened with extinction.
There's lots of weird and wonderful discoveries in their 2025 list - here are five of them.
The first on the list is a pretty grisly one - meet Purpureocillium atlanticum, otherwise known as zombie fungus.
It was found in the Atlantic forest in Brazil, and is a parasite, as it survives by infecting spiders and growing through their corpses - eew!
The group of fungi it belongs to is called entomopathogenic, which means they can kill and infect insects.
A new species of orchid was found in the Andean forests of Ecuador which has been called Telipogon cruentilabrum.
There are about 250 known species of Telipogon, and they're all found in South and Central America and the Caribbean.
They can only be identified when they bloom, and this one can be recognised by its red centre, which almost looks like it's got blood on it.
It grows on tree daisies but unlike the fungus is not a parasite, so doesn't feed off them to live.
However, it's already been classed as endangered, as its habitat is rapidly declining.
If you've ever seen Studio Ghibli's film Howl's Moving Castle, you'll know all about the sassy fire demon Calcifer.
Well, last year, scientists named this plant after him.
Aphelandra calciferi has bright red, orange and yellow flowers that look like flames - but what is more unclear is whether or not it can cook bacon and eggs as well as the little fire demon.
Calciferi was found in the tropical rainforests in the centre of Peru.
Okay, so it's not actually stone that comes to life.
Living stone plants are great at camouflage and can blend in with rocky surroundings.
Lithops gracilidelineata is the newest of these, and was found in Namibia, a country that is home to many other living stones.
This one seems like a tiny rock when you first look at it, but is actually a type of plant called a succulent, meaning they're very good at storing water (like cactuses).
A new species of palm tree found in 2013 has now been scientifically recognised and given the name Adonidia zibabaoa.
It's a type of Christmas palm, which are tropical trees with bright red fruit.
It took a while for it to be officially classified as it was not immediately obvious to scientists what genus (or group) it belonged to.
However, after DNA samples were studied at Kew, it was eventually found to belong to the Adonidia genus.
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