Origin of Water in Universe
Over 1,000 quintillionlitresofwaterexistonEarth, mostlymakingupthehugeoceansthatcoverthesurface, butwhendidwaterfirstappearinouruniverse?
地球上存在超過 1,000 千萬億公升的水，大部分構成了覆蓋地球表面的巨大海洋，但是水何時首次出現在我們的宇宙中？
Anewstudysuggeststhisimportantresourceformed200-400 million yearsaftertheBigBang, whentheuniverseformed, whichisthoughttohavehappened14 billion yearsago.
一項新研究表明，這種重要資源形成於宇宙大爆炸（宇宙形成時）後 2 億至 4 億年，而宇宙大爆炸被認為發生在 140 億年前。
DrDanielWhalenfromPortsmouthUniversityandco-authorspublishedtheirfindingsinthejournalNatureAstronomy.
朴茨茅斯大學的丹尼爾‧沃倫博士和合著者在《自然天文學》雜誌上發表了他們的研究成果。
Usingcomputersimulationstheresearcherscreatedtheexplosionsoftwostars.
研究人員利用電腦模擬創造了兩顆恆星的爆炸。
Inthevirtualsupernovae-thenameforwhenastarexplodes-thetemperatureswerefoundtobehighenoughtoturntheformerstargasesintoOxygen.
在虛擬超新星（恆星爆炸時的名稱）中，發現溫度足夠高，可以將先前的恆星氣體轉化為氧氣。
Thisgasthencooledandmixedwithanothergashydrogenwhichformedwater.
然後該氣體冷卻並與另一種氣體氫混合形成水。
Scientistssaytheirdiscoveryshowsthathabitableworldscouldhaveformedbillionsofyearsearlierthanpreviouslythought.
科學家表示，他們的發現顯示宜居星球的形成時間可能比先前認為的早了數十億年。
Theyalsosaythesimulationsshowthatwaterwasakeypartofthefirstgalaxiesandthattheamountformedthenisonlyatenthofwhatisseeninthegalaxytoday.
他們也表示，模擬結果顯示，水是第一批星系的重要組成部分，當時形成的水量僅為如今星系中水量的十分之一。
Over 1,000 quintillion litres of water exist on Earth, mostly making up the huge oceans that cover the surface, but when did water first appear in our universe?
A new study suggests this important resource formed 200-400 million years after the Big Bang, when the universe formed, which is thought to have happened 14 billion years ago.
Dr Daniel Whalen from Portsmouth University and co-authors published their findings in the journal Nature Astronomy.
Using computer simulations the researchers created the explosions of two stars.
In the virtual supernovae - the name for when a star explodes - the temperatures were found to be high enough to turn the former star gases into Oxygen.
This gas then cooled and mixed with another gas hydrogen which formed water.
Scientists say their discovery shows that habitable worlds could have formed billions of years earlier than previously thought.
They also say the simulations show that water was a key part of the first galaxies and that the amount formed then is only a tenth of what is seen in the galaxy today.
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